What are microorganisms that can be either pathogenic or non-pathogenic called?

Microorganisms that can be either pathogenic or non-pathogenic are referred to as bacteria. Bacteria are diverse single-celled organisms that can have various effects on humans and the environment. Some bacteria are beneficial, aiding in processes like digestion and nutrient absorption, while others can cause diseases, making them pathogenic.

The ability of bacteria to exist in both forms—beneficial and harmful—distinguishes them from other microorganisms listed in the choices. For example, viruses typically act as pathogens and do not exist in a non-pathogenic form, while fungi and protozoa have more specific roles that limit their classification as either pathogenic or non-pathogenic across the board. Understanding the dual nature of bacteria is essential in fields like esthetics and skincare, where maintaining skin health can involve interactions with various types of microorganisms.